If dname is provided, it's used as the subject in the CSR. Otherwise, the X. If no file is given, the CSR is output to stdout. The certificate is by default output in binary encoding, but will instead be output in the printable encoding format, as defined by the Internet RFC standard , if the -rfc option is specified.
If alias refers to a trusted certificate, that certificate is output. Otherwise, alias refers to a key entry with an associated certificate chain. In that case, the first certificate in the chain is returned. This certificate authenticates the public key of the entity addressed by alias. This command was named -export in previous releases.
This old name is still supported in this release and will be supported in future releases, but for clarify the new name, -exportcert , is preferred going forward. Prints to stdout the contents of the keystore entry identified by alias. If no alias is specified, the contents of the entire keystore are printed.
This command by default prints the SHA1 fingerprint of a certificate. If the -v option is specified, the certificate is printed in human-readable format, with additional information such as the owner, issuer, serial number, and any extensions. If the -rfc option is specified, certificate contents are printed using the printable encoding format, as defined by the Internet RFC standard. Note that -sslserver and -file options cannot be provided at the same time. Otherwise, an error is reported.
If neither option is given, the certificate is read from stdin. If the certificate is read from a file or stdin, it may be either binary encoded or in printable encoding format, as defined by the Internet RFC standard. Changes the password used to protect the integrity of the keystore contents. If the -keypass option is not provided at the command line, and the key password is different from the keystore password, the user is prompted for it.
If the -new option is not provided at the command line, the user is prompted for it. Deletes from the keystore the entry identified by alias. The user is prompted for the alias, if no alias is provided at the command line. Move an existing keystore entry from the specified alias to a new alias, destalias. If no destination alias is provided, the command will prompt for one. If the original entry is protected with an entry password, the password can be supplied via the "-keypass" option.
If no key password is provided, the storepass if given will be attempted first. If that attempt fails, the user will be prompted for a password. The first thing you need to do is create a keystore and generate the key pair. You could use a command such as the following:. Please note: This must be typed as a single line. Multiple lines are used in the examples just for legibility purposes. It uses the default "DSA" key generation algorithm to create the keys, both bits long.
It creates a self-signed certificate using the default "SHA1withDSA" signature algorithm that includes the public key and the distinguished name information. This certificate will be valid for days, and is associated with the private key in a keystore entry referred to by the alias "business". The command could be significantly shorter if option defaults were accepted.
As a matter of fact, no options are required; defaults are used for unspecified options that have default values, and you are prompted for any required values. Thus, you could simply have the following:. In this case, a keystore entry with alias "mykey" is created, with a newly-generated key pair and a certificate that is valid for 90 days.
This entry is placed in the keystore named ". The keystore is created if it doesn't already exist. You will be prompted for the distinguished name information, the keystore password, and the private key password. So far all we've got is a self-signed certificate. A certificate is more likely to be trusted by others if it is signed by a Certification Authority CA. This creates a CSR for the entity identified by the default alias "mykey" and puts the request in the file named "MarkJ. The CA will authenticate you, the requestor usually off-line , and then will return a certificate, signed by them, authenticating your public key.
In some cases, they will actually return a chain of certificates, each one authenticating the public key of the signer of the previous certificate in the chain. You need to replace your self-signed certificate with a certificate chain, where each certificate in the chain authenticates the public key of the signer of the previous certificate in the chain, up to a "root" CA.
Before you import the certificate reply from a CA, you need one or more "trusted certificates" in your keystore or in the cacerts keystore file which is described in importcert command :. The "cacerts" keystore file ships with several VeriSign root CA certificates, so you probably won't need to import a VeriSign certificate as a trusted certificate in your keystore. But if you request a signed certificate from a different CA, and a certificate authenticating that CA's public key hasn't been added to "cacerts", you will need to import a certificate from the CA as a "trusted certificate".
A certificate from a CA is usually either self-signed, or signed by another CA in which case you also need a certificate authenticating that CA's public key. Suppose company ABC, Inc. View it first using the keytool -printcert command, or the keytool -importcert command without the -noprompt option , and make sure that the displayed certificate fingerprint s match the expected ones.
You can call the person who sent the certificate, and compare the fingerprint s that you see with the ones that they show or that a secure public key repository shows.
Only if the fingerprints are equal is it guaranteed that the certificate has not been replaced in transit with somebody else's for example, an attacker's certificate. If such an attack took place, and you did not check the certificate before you imported it, you would end up trusting anything the attacker has signed.
If you trust that the certificate is valid, then you can add it to your keystore via the following:. Once you've imported a certificate authenticating the public key of the CA you submitted your certificate signing request to or there is already such a certificate in the "cacerts" file , you can import the certificate reply and thereby replace your self-signed certificate with a certificate chain.
This chain is the one returned by the CA in response to your request if the CA reply is a chain , or one constructed if the CA reply is a single certificate using the certificate reply and trusted certificates that are already available in the keystore where you import the reply or in the "cacerts" keystore file. For example, suppose you sent your certificate signing request to VeriSign. You can then import the reply via the following, which assumes the returned certificate is named "VSMarkJ.
Clients that want to use the file will want to authenticate your signature. One way they can do this is by first importing your public key certificate into their keystore as a "trusted" entry. You can export the certificate and supply it to your clients. As an example, you can copy your certificate to a file named MJ. Given that certificate, and the signed JAR file, a client can use the jarsigner tool to authenticate your signature.
The command "importkeystore" is used to import an entire keystore into another keystore, which means all entries from the source keystore, including keys and certificates, are all imported to the destination keystore within a single command. You can use this command to import entries from a different type of keystore.
During the import, all new entries in the destination keystore will have the same alias names and protection passwords for secret keys and private keys. If keytool has difficulties recover the private keys or secret keys from the source keystore, it will prompt you for a password.
If it detects alias duplication, it will ask you for a new one, you can specify a new alias or simply allow keytool to overwrite the existing one. For example, to import entries from a normal JKS type keystore key. The importkeystore command can also be used to import a single entry from a source keystore to a destination keystore. In this case, besides the options you see in the above example, you need to specify the alias you want to import.
The following command demonstrates this:. Ensure that you store all the certificates in the same keystore. In these examples, it is recommended that you specify RSA as the key algorithm.
Keystores may have different types of entries. The two most applicable entry types for keytool include:. All keystore entries key and trusted certificate entries are accessed via unique aliases. An alias is specified when you add an entity to the keystore using the -genseckey command to generate a secret key, -genkeypair command to generate a key pair public and private key or the -importcert command to add a certificate or certificate chain to the list of trusted certificates.
Subsequent keytool commands must use this same alias to refer to the entity. This specifies an initial password of "dukekeypasswd" required by subsequent commands to access the private key associated with the alias duke.
If you later want to change duke's private key password, you use a command like the following:. Please note: A password should not actually be specified on a command line or in a script unless it is for testing purposes, or you are on a secure system. If you don't specify a required password option on a command line, you will be prompted for it.
The KeyStore class provided in the java. It is possible for there to be multiple different concrete implementations, where each implementation is that for a particular type of keystore. Currently, two command-line tools keytool and jarsigner and a GUI-based tool named Policy Tool make use of keystore implementations. Since KeyStore is publicly available, users can write additional security applications that use it.
There is a built-in default implementation, provided by Oracle. It implements the keystore as a file, utilizing a proprietary keystore type format named "JKS".
It protects each private key with its individual password, and also protects the integrity of the entire keystore with a possibly different password.
Keystore implementations are provider-based. That is, there is a corresponding abstract KeystoreSpi class, also in the java. The term "provider" refers to a package or a set of packages that supply a concrete implementation of a subset of services that can be accessed by the Java Security API.
Thus, to provide a keystore implementation, clients must implement a "provider" and supply a KeystoreSpi subclass implementation, as described in How to Implement a Provider for the Java Cryptography Architecture. Applications can choose different types of keystore implementations from different providers, using the "getInstance" factory method supplied in the KeyStore class. Keystore implementations of different types are not compatible.
It treats the keystore location that is passed to it at the command line as a filename and converts it to a FileInputStream, from which it loads the keystore information.
The jarsigner and policytool tools, on the other hand, can read a keystore from any location that can be specified using a URL. For keytool and jarsigner , you can specify a keystore type at the command line, via the -storetype option. For Policy Tool , you can specify a keystore type via the "Keystore" menu. If you don't explicitly specify a keystore type, the tools choose a keystore implementation based simply on the value of the keystore.
The security properties file is called java. Each tool gets the keystore. It then uses the keystore implementation from that provider.
The KeyStore class defines a static method named getDefaultType that lets applications and applets retrieve the value of the keystore. The following line of code creates an instance of the default keystore type as specified in the keystore. The default keystore type is "jks" the proprietary type of the keystore implementation provided by Oracle. This is specified by the following line in the security properties file:.
To have the tools utilize a keystore implementation other than the default, you can change that line to specify a different keystore type.
For example, if you have a provider package that supplies a keystore implementation for a keystore type called "pkcs12", change the line to. You need download and install it yourself. More comments I want to export a certificate out of a keystore file and send it to someone else. I want to generate a pair of public key and private key for myself.
I want to use the Keytool included in the JDK to generate keys and manage certificates. And it's free! Go to JDK download Web site. Click the "Dow Java "keytool -genkeypair" Command Options What options are supported by the "keytool -genkeypair" command? I have never used Keytool before. If you are new to the Java Keytool, you should first read the documentation: keytool - Key and Certificate Management Tool. Java Keytool is a command line tool.
You need to run it from a command line window using th Java "keytool -exportcert" Command Options What options are supported by the "keytool -exportcert" command? I have "jdk-7u5-windows-i It prevents attackers from acquiring client data through counterfeit servers and encryption keys. Configuring Code42 servers and apps to use strict TLS validation further ensures the security of client-server connections.
Before you begin Consult your security or web administrators to learn about your organization's existing keys, certificates, and keystores. Determine whether you will: Generate a new key and get a new CA-signed certificate for it. In this case, find the address of the CA your organization uses. Once you request a signed certificate from a CA, the CA's reply may take as long as a week. Import existing keys and certificates, or an existing keystore, that will work in your Code42 server's domain.
Signed certificates secure specific domain names or ranges of subdomains. A wildcard certificate works for multiple subdomains, including authority-server. Most browsers now distrust such certificates. If your existing certificates and keystores don't have the SAN extension, start over with a new certificate signing request.
You do not need any further access to the authority server's host machine. Need help? Assistance creating a keystore or handling a certificate signing request CSR are beyond the scope of Customer Champions.
Terminology These instructions use the following terms: Key : A unique string of characters that seeds a mathematical algorithm for encryption and decryption. Keys come in pairs. A public key encrypts data to be decrypted with the corresponding private key. Certificate : A file that contains a public key and identifies who owns that key and its corresponding private key.
In a signed certificate, a trusted certificate authority CA affirms that a public key does indeed belong to the owner named in the certificate. A certificate chain links a public key to a widely trusted root certificate.
Keystore : A file that holds a combination of keys and certificates. Typical file names are. The binary counterpart is DER-format file. Locate the keytool with two commands. The second command returns the location of keytool. Linux Install a recent version of the JRE with commands like the following: sudo apt-get update sudo apt-get install default-jre.
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